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Dual for a transfer! A strategy has been devised for functionalizing fluorescent diketopyrrolopyrroles (DPP) dyes with a borondipyromethene (BODIPY) unit acting as an energy acceptor (see scheme). Quantitative intramolecular electronic energy transfer is effective by excitation in the DPP subunit in apolar and polar media, including aqueous methanol, to provide large Stoke shifts.
Dipalladium(I) and diruthenium(I) compounds bridged by two [{(5,7-dimethyl-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)amino}carbonyl]ferrocene (L) ligands have been synthesized. The X-ray structures of [Pd2L2][BF4]2 (1) and [Ru2L2(CO)4][BF4]2 (2) reveal dinuclear structures with short metal–metal distances. In both of these structures, naphthyridine bridges the dimetal unit, and the site trans to the metal–metal bond is occupied by weakly coordinating oxygen from the amido fragment. The catalytic utilities of these bimetallic compounds are evaluated. Compound 1 is an excellent catalyst for phosphine-free, Suzuki cross-coupling reactions of aryl bromides with arylboronic acids and provides high yields in short reaction times. Compound 1 is also found to be catalytically active for aryl chlorides, although the corresponding yields are lower. A bimetallic mechanism is proposed, which involves the oxidative addition of aryl bromide across the PdPd bond and the bimetallic reductive elimination of the product. Compound 1 is also an efficient catalyst for the Heck cross-coupling of aryl bromides with styrenes. The mechanism for aldehyde olefination with ethyl diazoacetate (EDA) and PPh3, catalyzed by 2, has been fully elucidated. It is demonstrated that 2 catalyzes the formation of phosphorane utilizing EDA and PPh3, which subsequently reacts with aldehyde to produce a new olefin and phosphine oxide. The efficacy of bimetallic complexes in catalytic organic transformations is illustrated in this work.
Good couple: Metal–metal singly bonded [PdIPdI] and [RuI
RuI] complexes exhibit bimetallic synergy in the catalytic C
C bond-coupling and aldehyde-olefination reactions, respectively (see figure).
Asymmetrically substituted BODIPY analogues of the dye PM567 have been synthesised from 2-acylpyrroles and pyrroles that bear indene, fluorene or difluorene units. The type of linkage between the fluorene and the BODIPY core plays an important role in the photophysics of the BODIPY chromophore. Indeed, an aliphatic bridge gives rise to an energy-transfer process between the chromophores, whereas a vinyl spacer allows an electronic interaction between them, leading to a large red shift of the spectral bands. The laser action of the new dyes has been analysed under transversal pumping at 10 Hz repetition rate, in both liquid phase and incorporated into solid polymeric matrices. Lasing efficiencies of up to 40 % were reached with high photostabilities with the laser output remaining at the initial level after 1×105 pump pulses in the same position of the sample. The laser action of the new dyes outperforms the laser behaviour of commercial dyes that emit in the same spectral region. The replacement of fluorene by indene quenches the fluorescence and laser emission, but allows the development of an iron cation fluorescent sensor.
It's all under control: A strategy to modulate the photophysical and optical properties of BODIPYs by using asymmetric substitution effects has been developed. New asymmetric BODIPY–indene and BODIPY–fluorene dyes have been synthesized (see figure) by a simple protocol.